Franz LEHAR
Franz Lehár is the son of the marching band chief of the 50th infantry regiment of the Austro-Hungarian army Franz Lehár (1838-1898) and Christine Neubrand (1849-1906). His brother Anton, like his father, embarks on a military career, that he ends with the rank of general and knight of the military order of Marie-Thérčse. Lehar's ancestors were until the beginning of the 18th century small farmers in Lesnitz and Brünnles, near Hohenstadt, in North Moravia. The name Lehár indicates the Czech origin of the family. Random assignmentsin Moravia., Franz Lehár father meets a young Hungarian girl, Christine Neubrand whom he marries in Komárno in 1869. Franz junior was born the following year. His mother tongue is Hungarian. German being the language of the army, Franz becomes bilingual very early, but he always practiced Hungarian, his mother tongue until his death. He will continue to sign his name in Hungarian fashion, first name ("Lehár Ferenc"), with a diacritical mark of elongation on the "a" (á). In his military booklet, we can read that it measures 1,65 meter, has blue eyes, blond hair, speak and write German, Hungarian and Bohemian (variant of Czech), and that he lives in Schönwald, in Moravia. His linguistic skills also enabled him to understand other Slavic languages well. He then learned Italian during his stay in Pula (Current Croatia), where he works as a military conductor. He becomes the friend of Puccini and other Italian composers, exchanging experiences and scores. His English, howeverhowever, is very weak, although he can very well distinguish good translations from his operettas from bad ones. But to emigrate to the United States or the United Kingdom, it's not sufficient. Ernst Décsey, Lehár's first biographer, quote the legend, not proven, of the family that the Lehár descend from a Marquis Le Harde, member of the Grand Army, captured by the Russians, who would have fled to the north of Moravia and found refuge with the peasants.years Franz Lehár first studied the piano. His talent is revealed very early. AT 11 years, he composes his first song. In 1880, his father is transferred to Budapest with his regimentyears, and Lehár attends the school of the Piarist fathers then the Gymnasium (Secondary school) de ?ternberk. En 1882, he entered the Prague Conservatory and studied, according to his father's wish, the violin with Anton Bennewitz, la théorie musicale avec Josef Foerster et la composition avec Antonín Dvo?ák qui l'encourage ŕ persévérer. Johannes Brahms le recommande au professeur Mandyczewski, one of the most respected and influential of the time. Lehár began his musical career as an orchestral musician in Wuppertal. He becomes the youngest Kapellmeister (conductor) Austro-Hungarian army soldier (The famous "KuK Armee"). In Vienna, he plays in his father's orchestra and, gradually climbing the ladder, he becomes its successor. This career leads him to Pula, Trieste, Budapest and, de 1899 ŕ 1902, in Vienna. Vienna becomes his adopted homeland and thanks to great successes, he can soon live exclusively from his compositions, almost entirely devoted to the operetta. From his first two games, Wiener Frauen and Der Rastelbinder, he is considered the future master of the operetta. With the worldwide success of The Merry Widow (1905), his notoriety only increases, reinforced by new successes : The Count of Luxembourg, Gypsy love and Eva. Signature. in Years 1920, the traditional operetta yields, to the public, room for the magazine (Lehár even wrote a “revised” version of La Veuve joyeuse with Fritzi Massary). Lehár will change style. From Paganini, he renounces the usual happy ending, gets closer to the opera and is not afraid of pathos. Tenor scores from the last operettas, like Le Pays du Sourire or Le Tsarévich are dedicated to Richard Tauber. His last operetta, Giuditta, is intended as a "musical" ; it is created in 1934 at the Vienna State Opera, which hoped for a recovery in its then unimportant financial situation. Franz Lehár is friends with Giacomo Puccini. They influence each other : for example, Puccini was inspired by Lehár for his opera La Rondine. Lehár himself composes four operas : Rodrigo, Kukushka or Tatjana, at the beginning of his career, and later Die Gelbe Jacke. Garbonciás, a reworking of Gypsy Love, is his last scenic work. In addition to the operettas, he writes two symphonic poems, two violin concertos, film music, songs, dances and marches. Over the years, Lehár has acquired a prodigious fortune. He bought the Schikaneder-Schlössl in Vienna-Nußdorf in 1931. This vast residence had been the property of Emanuel Schikaneder. He also acquired a villa in Bad Ischl, one of the most important spas in Europe, not far from Saint Wolfgang lake, famous for its Auberge du Cheval blanc. Franz Lehár's relations with the Nazi regime are strained. He always used Jewish librettists for his operas and was part of the Viennese cultural milieu, which included many Jews. In addition, although Lehár is Catholic, his wife, Sophie (born Paschkis) (1878-1947) is of Jewish origin. She converted to Catholicism before their marriage. These facts are enough to arouse hostility towards them and towards his work. Hitler, howeverhowever, enjoy Lehár's music, and this hostility diminishes throughout Germany after an intervention by Goebbels. In 1938, Ms Lehár receives Ehrenarierin status ("Aryan of honor through marriage"). However, there have been several attempts at eviction. Nazi regime uses Lehár's music for propaganda purposes : we play our music during concerts in busy Paris in 1941 and Lehár himself directed the French version of the Land of Smiles there in January of the same year. Lehár do not remain indifferent towards the regime : they offer a gift to Hitler for his birthday in 1938. Even so, Lehár's influence is limited : despite unsuccessful attempts, however, to obtain a personal guarantee of immunity from Hitler for one of his librettists, Fritz Löhner-Beda, he did not prevent his deportation and his assassination, nor for his wife, at Auschwitz. After a failed Budapest tour, en 1943, Lehár is allowed to go with his wife to Switzerland. He suffers from bile problems, kidney, glandular and ocular and pneumonia. The couple still spent the last months of the war in Bad Ischl. After the end of World War II, Lehár completely denies his relations with the Third Reich. His wife dies on 3 August 1947 in Zurich. Very tearful, the composer decides to end a two-year stay in Switzerland. In August 1948, he returned to Bad Ischl who welcomed him triumphantly and whose, immediately, he was appointed honorary citizen. He dies there 24 October 1948 and rests there in the family vault, alongside his wife and mother, opposite Richard Tauber's tomb, his favorite tenor, and a few meters from that of Oscar Straus, the composer of Ręve de valses. A few days before his death, Lehár has made all the arrangements for his villa to be turned into a museum. Google machine translation: Franz LEHAR's original bio |
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